Independent Study uses a narrative approach to document the summer of Independent Study analyzes the use of race-based appeals by Black politicians in hopes to gain Black votes.
Communication Studies Be an effective listener, writer, and speaker who can think critically and connect with audiences Major Minor. Clara Wilkins. Digital Collections. Search for this publication on Google Scholar.
Knowles, C. Why would they join the interracial prison-labor rebellions in Eastern Tennessee? Why would they conspire with runaway slaves in the swamps of Mississippi? Moreover, she accepts the popular framework for understanding class as differences of income, culture, language, and any number of other things, rather than defining it in terms of exploitation. Dirty feet and tallow faces remain signs of delinquency and depravity.
While various waves of European immigrant workers suffered racist nativism and xenophobia, the white trash label was reserved for only a section of white workers born in the United States.
Yet, sterilization, discrimination, imposed illiteracy, and worse underscore a more specific dynamic to the oppression of white trash—a dynamic not explored sufficiently in the book. After all, how could the mining companies of Eastern Kentucky send people into dangerous holes in the ground, for little pay, without first dehumanizing them? How could poor squatters be forced from their land without comparing them to wild savages? How could landless whites be pressed into the emerging prison labor system without first comparing them to Blacks?
This logic of racist ideology, in this instance as it applied to a section of white people, is never made explicit by Isenberg. Critical multiculturalism, as it has been articulated by theorists such as those in the Chicago Cultural Studies Group, is one example of a multiculturalism which tries to complicate and trouble the dogmatic ways vulgar multiculturalism has understood race, gender, and class identities.
Unlike the "whiteness" of vulgar multiculturalism, the whiteness of "white trash" signals something other than privilege and social power. The term "white trash" points up the hatred and fear which undergird the American myth ofclasslessness. Yoking a classistepithet to a racist one, as "white trash" does, reminds us how often racism is in fact directly related to economic differences.
As a stereotype, "white trash" calls our attention to the way discourses of class and racial difference tend to bleed into one another, especially in the way they pathologize and laywaste to their "others. We don't say things like "nigger trash" precisely because "nigger" often implies poverty to a great extent. Are some African-Americans called "niggers" because they are black, or because they are poor?
There is no hard and fast answer to this one—it's difficult to distinguish between race and class when discussing the derogatory meanings of "nigger. When people are kept guessing about what kinds of social forces oppress them, they are less able to defend themselves.
Naming the connections between 58the minnesota review racial identification.
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