It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. Please turn on JavaScript and try again. The mitochondrial DNA team examines biological items of evidence from crime scenes to determine the mitochondrial DNA mtDNA sequence from samples such as hair, bones, and teeth. Typically, these items contain low concentrations of degraded DNA, making them unsuitable for nuclear DNA examinations.
Example of calcified tissue - A molar. Mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited. The high sensitivity of mtDNA analysis allows forensic scientists to obtain information from old items of evidence associated with cold cases and small pieces of evidence containing little biological material.
Additionally the maternal inheritance of mtDNA allows scientists to compare the mtDNA profile of a set of remains to that of reference samples from individuals such as the mother, brother s , sister s , or any other maternally related individuals of a missing person.
While autosomal STR loci have an extremely powerful discriminatory advantage for human identification, only certain portions of the control region of mt DNA are highly variable among individuals. Forensic analysis typically involves examination of the sequence variation within two hypervariable HV regions, HV1 and HV2.
Typically only bases examined. While the traditional method of Sanger sequencing is labor intensive and time-consuming, new techniques such as massively parallel sequencing allow for whole mt DNA genome sequencing approach to obtain high-resolution mt DNA data, which can discriminate between closely related maternal lineages.
Short nucleotide polymorphism SNPs which are present outside of the control region traditionally queried by forensic scientists can provide additional resolution and discriminatory power. Upon analysis, if there are two or more nucleotide differences between the questioned and known samples, the samples can be excluded as originating from the same person or maternal lineage.
The data is also compared to mt DNA database to determine haplotype frequency. The mt DNA population database is a compilation of differences in mtDNA control regions from a random collection of unrelated individuals of various ethnic backgrounds. Haplotype frequency is a measure of how commonly the sequence is present in a specific population and therefore, is a measure of discriminatory power.
Autosomal STRs provide a higher power of discrimination and are the preferred method whenever possible. However, due to high copy number, mitochondrial DNA mt DNA may be the only source of surviving DNA in highly degraded specimens or low quantity samples such as hair shafts.
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Learn how your comment data is processed. Skip to content Mitochondria, often thought of as powerhouses of the cell, are fascinating eukaryotic organelles with a double-layered membrane and their own genome. Investigative Genetics.
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